New to 3D Printing? Here’s What You Need to Know

3D Printing has revolutionized how we make things. From cool custom gadgets and toys to detailed prototypes – it has never been easier to create objects from concept to reality.

Whether you’re a hobbyist, teacher or professional, it can be quite overwhelming diving into this exciting technology.

This article will break down what 3D Printing is and information about some of the common 3D Printing technologies on the market today.

Introduction to 3D Printing

3D Printing – also known as additive manufacturing, has changed our view on how we create physical objects from simple household items to complex industrial components.

At its core 3D Printing is the process of producing three-dimensional (x,y,z) objects from a digital file. Traditional manufacturing methods typically involves cutting or subracing material while 3D Printing adds material layer by layer until the final product is achieved. This allows for greater design flexibility, reduced waste and the abillity to produce complex geometries that would be difficult or impossible to create using conventional techniques.

Basic 3D Printing Workflow

Understanding the basic workflow of 3D printing will help you get started smoothly. Here are the essential steps:

1. Designing or Downloading a 3D Model

3D Models can be designed using CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software such as Tinkercad, Fusion 360 or Blender. Alternatively you can download pre-made models from places like Thingiverse, MyMiniFactory or Cults3D.

3D Models are either free to download or bought.

2. Preparing the Model for Printing

The 3D model then needs to be sliced into specific layers using a slicing software like Cura, PrusaSlicer or Lychee Slicer. This is because the 3D printer can’t interpretate the model as is, and needs a software to convert the model into a G-code which your printer can understand.

At this stage you can also adjust settings such as layer height, print speed and infill density depending on what your printing.

3. Printing the Model

Once the model is sliced and the G-code is generated, transfer the file to your 3D printer via an SD card, USB, or Wi-Fi. Load the filament or resin, and start the print. Keep an eye on the process to ensure everything runs smoothly.

4. Post-Processing

After printing, some post-processing may be required. For FDM prints, this could involve removing support structures and sanding. For SLA prints, you need to wash the print in isopropyl alcohol and cure it under UV light.

Types of 3D Printing Technologies

There are several different 3D printing technologies, each with its unique advantages and applications. Here are the most common ones:

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

FDM is the most widely used 3D printing technology, especially among hobbyists and beginners. It works by extruding melted thermoplastic filament through a heated nozzle, building the object layer by layer.

FDM printers are relatively affordable, easy to use, and compatible with a variety of materials like PLA, ABS, and PETG. However, the layer lines can be visible, and the print quality might not be as high as other technologies.

Stereolithography (SLA)

SLA uses a laser to cure liquid resin into solid plastic, layer by layer. This technology is known for producing high-resolution prints with smooth surfaces, making it ideal for applications requiring fine details, such as jewelry, dental models, and prototypes.

There are some number of caveats for using resin style 3D printers and that is post processing, which usually involves handling toxic resin and washing with Isopropanol. You’re also exposed to fumes and VOCs from printing and the alchohol used for washing.

You can read more about fumes and VOCs here:

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

SLS involves using a laser to fuse powdered material, typically nylon, into solid parts. This technology excels in producing durable and functional prototypes and end-use parts. Since SLS does not require support structures, it can create complex geometries with ease.

However, SLS printers are quite expensive and usually found in industrial settings.

Choosing the Right 3D Printer

Selecting the right 3D printer depends on your needs, budget, and experience level. Here are some factors to consider:

Purpose

Think about what you plan to do with your 3D printer. Are you making simple models, functional parts, or high-detail prototypes? For beginners, an FDM printer is a good starting point due to its affordability and ease of use. If you require higher precision and detail, consider an SLA printer.

Budget

3D printers come in a wide range of prices. Entry-level FDM printers can cost as little as $200, while high-end industrial SLS printers can run into the tens of thousands. Be sure to factor in the cost of materials, maintenance, and any additional accessories you might need.

Features

Look for features that suit your needs, such as build volume, print speed, resolution, and compatibility with different materials. Some printers also come with user-friendly interfaces, automatic bed leveling, and wireless connectivity, which can enhance your overall experience.

Essential 3D Printing Materials

The choice of material greatly influences the quality, durability, and functionality of your 3D printed objects. Here are some common materials used in 3D printing:

PLA (Polylactic Acid)

PLA is a popular material for beginners due to its ease of use, low printing temperature, and minimal warping. It is made from renewable resources like corn starch, making it biodegradable and environmentally friendly. However, PLA is relatively brittle and not suitable for high-stress applications.

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

ABS is a durable and impact-resistant material, commonly used for functional parts and prototypes. It requires a higher printing temperature and a heated bed to prevent warping. ABS emits fumes during printing, so proper ventilation is necessary.

PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol)

PETG combines the best of both PLA and ABS, offering good durability, flexibility, and ease of printing. It has low warping tendencies and produces minimal fumes, making it a great all-around material for various applications.

Resin

Used primarily in SLA printers, resins offer high detail and smooth finishes. There are different types of resins available, including standard, tough, flexible, and castable, each catering to specific needs. Resins can be more expensive and require careful handling due to their chemical properties.

Conclusion

3D printing is an exciting and rapidly evolving field with endless possibilities. Whether you’re creating prototypes, custom parts, or artistic creations, understanding the basics of 3D printing will set you on the path to success. Remember to start with a reliable printer, choose the right materials, and follow the essential workflow steps to bring your ideas to life.

Want to know more about Resin Printing, check out these articles:
– Resin Printing – 3D Printing Troubleshooting and Why Heat Matters in Resin Printing
– Resin Printing – How To Maintain Your FEP and Know When To Replace It
– Resin Printing – Fermentation Belt for Heating Resin